Articles & White Papers

PIPED (Canada)
The Personal Information Protection and Electronic Document Act mandates that appropriate security measures be applied to personal data obtained on the course of commercial transactions.

SB 1386 (California, US)
The California Information Practice Act or Senate Bill 1386 that went into affect on July 2003 requires state agencies or companies that conduct business in California and own or license computerized personal information, to disclose any breach of security to any resident whose unencrypted data is believed to have been disclosed.

95/46/EC (Europe)
European Union Directive 95/46/EC is a sweeping European Parliament directive designed to protect individuals from unregulated personal data access or transfer.

DPA (UK)
The Data Protection Act mandates that the processing of sensitive personal data should be carried out with appropriate security in the interests of protecting the individual rights and privacy. DPA prohibits the disclosure of personal data to any third party without the explicit consent of the targeted subject.

Basel II( Europe)
Basel II is the second of the Basel Accords, which are recommendations on banking laws and regulations issued by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision. The final version aims at ensuring that capital allocation is more risk sensitive, separating operational risk from credit risk, and quantifying both, attempting to align economic and regulatory capital more closely to reduce the scope for regulatory arbitrage.

Basel II establishes minimum capital requirements for banking organizations to reduce operational risks, defined as the risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal process, people and systems or from external events. To achieve compliance with Basel II requirements, organizations must identify, assess, monitor and control their operational risk, much of which occurs at the endpoint.

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